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The recipe demonstrates the effect of using different tasks may have on finding hits.

1 result • updated 5.4 years ago by Istvan Albert

The recipe demonstrates the effect of using different tasks may have on finding hits. With BLAST it is important to ensure that you are searching correctly.

Within BLAST different parameter settings and search strategies (tasks) may lead to missing hits altogether.

The recipes show how you would change the task for shorter sequences but the tasks effect go well beyond just the length of the sequences.

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# Stop script on any error.
set -ue

#
# One of the assembled ebola genomes of the 2014 outbreak.
#
efetch -db nucleotide -id KM233118 -format fasta > KM233118.fa

#
# Create the two help files for easier reference.
#
blastdbcmd -help > HELP-blastdbcmd.txt
blastn -help > HELP-blastn.txt

#
# Make a blast database out of it
#
mkdir -p xdb
makeblastdb -dbtype nucl -parse_seqids -in KM233118.fa -out xdb/ebola

#
# Make a query from the genome
#
blastdbcmd -db xdb/ebola -entry KM233118 -range 1-40 > query-40bp.fa


#
# Run blastn to find our query we just took from the genome.
#

echo "*********************************************************"
echo "Blastn on the 40bp query"
echo "*********************************************************"
blastn -db xdb/ebola -query query-40bp.fa

#
# Make the query shorter.
#
blastdbcmd -db xdb/ebola -entry KM233118 -range 1-15 > query-15bp.fa

#
# Run blastn to find our query we just took from the genome.
#
echo "*********************************************************"
echo "Blastn on the 15bp query:"
echo "*********************************************************"
blastn -db xdb/ebola -query query-15bp.fa

#
# The default task is megablast
# Use a different strategy here.
#
echo "*********************************************************"
echo "Blastn with the 'blastn' task on the 15bp query:"
echo "*********************************************************"
blastn -task blastn  -db xdb/ebola -query query-15bp.fa

#
# Make the query shorter. Now both megablast and blastn will fail to find it.
# Use the 'short' task.
#
blastdbcmd -db xdb/ebola -entry KM233118 -range 1-7 > query-07bp.fa
echo "*********************************************************"
echo "Blastn with the 'blastn-short' task on the 15bp query"
echo "Note how many hits it generates!"
echo "*********************************************************"
blastn -task blastn-short -db xdb/ebola -query query-15bp.fa

#
# But wait there is more! The rabbit hole is deeper.
#
# Get chromosome 1 for the yeast genome and build a blast database for it.
#
efetch -db nucleotide -id NC_001133 -format fasta > NC_001133.fa
mkdir -p xdb
makeblastdb -dbtype nucl -parse_seqids -in NC_001133.fa -out xdb/yeast
blastdbcmd -db xdb/yeast -entry NC_001133 -range 1-80 > query-yeast.fa

#
# Why does this not work?
#
echo "*********************************************************"
echo "Blastn with the  on the 80bp query. No hits!!!! Why??????"
echo "*********************************************************"
blastn -db xdb/yeast -query query-yeast.fa

#
# By default low complexity regions are filtered out!
#
# See blastn -help
#

#
# Turn off the low complexity filtering that happens to be called 'dust'
# No really the parameter is called '-dust no'
#
# Thanks @NCBI!
#
echo "*********************************************************"
echo "Blastn with the '--dust-no' task on the 80bp query:"
echo "*********************************************************"
blastn -db xdb/yeast -dust no -query query-yeast.fa

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[settings]
name = "BLAST Tasks"
template = "BLAST_Tasks_cookbook_17.sh"
image = "BLAST_Tasks_cookbook_17.png"
id = 17
recipe_uid = "blasttask"
uid = "blasttask"
help = "The recipe demonstrates the effect of using different tasks may have on finding hits.\nWith BLAST it is important to ensure that you are searching correctly.\n\nWithin BLAST different parameter settings and search strategies (tasks) may lead to missing hits altogether.\n\nThe recipes show how you would change the task for shorter sequences but the tasks effect go well beyond just the length of the sequences."
url = "http://localhost8000"

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